微小RNA?148a靶向调控S1PR1及对卵巢癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨微小RNA-148a(miR-148a)靶向调控鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体1(S1PR1)及对卵巢癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法采用实时定量PCR(QPCR)检测32例上皮性卵巢癌组织和25例正常卵巢组织及卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80和卵巢上皮癌细胞(A2780、SKOV3、OVCAR3和HO-8910)的miR-148a水平,Kaplan-Meier plotter在线生存分析miR-148a水平与485例卵巢癌预后的关系;采用脂质体向SKOV3细胞进行转染,根据转染物分为过表达组(转染miR-148a模拟物)、阴性对照(NC)组(转染无关序列)和对照组(未转染),采用QPCR检测miR-148a、S1PR1及凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax和caspase-3的水平,荧光素酶报告基因系统验证两者的靶向关系,活细胞计数(CCK)-8法、AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术和caspase-3比色分析法检测增殖活力、凋亡率和caspase-3活性。结果QPCR结果显示与正常卵巢组织相比,卵巢癌组织的miR-148a水平降低(P<0.05);卵巢癌细胞的miR-148a水平均低于IOSE80细胞(P<0.05),尤其是SKOV3细胞的最低。Kaplan-Meier Plotter在线分析显示337例高水平者的中位总生存期为49.43个月,优于148例低水平者的38.53个月(P<0.05)。与对照组和NC组相比,过表达组的miR-148a水平升高,而S1PR1水平降低(P<0.05);S1PR1野生型质粒和miR-148a模拟物共转染细胞的荧光素酶活性较其他共转染组合降低(P<0.05)。与对照组和NC组相比,过表达组的增殖活力和Bcl-2水平降低,而凋亡率和caspase-3活性以及Bax和caspase-3水平均升高(P<0.05)。结论miR-148a在卵巢癌组织和细胞中表达下调且发挥抑癌作用,可能通过靶向S1PR1来抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖并诱导凋亡,在卵巢癌防治中有一定应用前景。     

经阴道三维超声评价未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征患者卵巢储备功能分析

目的 分析经阴道三维超声对于未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征患者卵巢储备功能评价的价值。 方法 选择不孕症患者100例作为研究对象，根据相关评价标准将确诊为未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征者200例作为研究组，其他正常排卵不孕者80例作为对照组，对比2组各卵泡期子宫内膜厚度、血清性激素6项水平、各卵泡期优势侧卵巢血流参数及围排卵期成熟卵泡血流分级情况。 结果 2组血管化指数、血流指数及血管化血流指数在组间、时点间及组间·时点间交互作用差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。对照组围排卵期成熟卵泡血流多为3~4级，研究组多为1~2级，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。 结论 血流量低、成熟卵泡新生血管数量少是未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征的血流灌注特点，经阴道三维超声检查，更利于早期评价卵巢储备功能，指导临床识别、预测卵泡发育不良及早期排卵障碍。     

Underutilisation of breast cancer prevention medication in Australia

Increased implementation of proven prevention strategies is required to combat rising breast cancer incidence. We assessed use of risk reducing medication (RRMed) by Australian women at elevated breast cancer risk. Only 2.4% had ever used RRMed. Higher breast cancer risk was statistically significantly associated with use of RRMed (OR 1.82, 95%CI: 1.08–3.07, p = 0.02 for ≥30% lifetime risk compared with 16%–29% lifetime risk), but parity, education level and family history of breast cancer were not. Breast cancer prevention medications are underutilised. Efforts are needed to incorporate breast cancer risk assessment and risk management discussions into routine health assessments for women.     

Are antioxidant enzymes essential markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients – A review

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in human cells. Excessive ROS production damages important macromolecules such as nucleic acids and can initiate and develop the carcinogenesis process. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) are responsible for maintaining the balance between the functions of free radical formation and eliminating their excessive amounts.Based on the analyzed literature, the following conclusions can be made:1. Antioxidant enzymes activity are important for diagnosing neoplastic diseases such as non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, and colon cancer.2. Non-small-cell lung cancer is usually characterized by decreased SOD and CAT activity and increased glutathione GST activity. Lowered SOD, CAT, and GPx activity is characteristic of bladder cancer. XOR, CAT, SOD and GPx expression is decreased in patients with ovarian cancer. Colorectal cancer is characterized by increased MnSOD expression (in vitro studies) and SOD expression while CAT, GPx, and GR are decreased (in vivo study).3. SOD, CAT, and XOR are promising prognostic markers in cancer of the lung, bladder, ovarian, and colon.     

Robotic treatment of bowel endometriosis

Endometriosis describes a condition with the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity that affects up to 15% of reproductive-aged women. Of women affected with endometriosis, 3.8–37% will have endometriosis involving the bowel, primarily the rectosigmoid colon. While medical management is often recommended as a first-line therapy, it is not curative, and surgery is often required as an adjunct for the management of symptoms. Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard of care for managing these patients. The use of robotic-assisted laparoscopy offers benefits that may allow surgeons to perform these challenging surgical cases using a minimally invasive technique. For lesions that affect the colon, there are three primary techniques used for removal which include: 1) rectal shaving, 2) discoid excision and 3) segmental resection. The decision to pursue one approach over another is largely dependent on the number of lesions present, a lesion's size and depth of invasion as well as the involved circumference of the bowel. The available evidence of using robotic-assisted laparoscopy in cases of bowel endometriosis is limited in the literature. In this review, we will summarize the role of robotic-assisted laparoscopy in the management of bowel endometriosis.     

Other imaging techniques: Double-contrast barium enema,endoscopic ultrasonography,multidetector CT enema,and computed tomography colonoscopy

Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE), transrectal endoscopic ultrasonography (REU), multidetector computerized tomography enema (MDCT-e), and computed tomography colonoscopy (CTC) have been successfully used for the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. DCBE provides a complete overview of the entire colon and allows detecting cecal nodules. The accuracy of DCBE is operator dependent and, thus, it may have low specificity. It does not allow identifying the cause of the mass effect. DCBE requires the administration of barium and exposure to radiation. REU precisely estimates the distance between the rectosigmoid nodule and the anal verge. However, it allows investigating only the distal part of rectosigmoid, it misses anterior pelvic lesions, and it has poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of endometriomas. MDCT-e is accurate and reproducible in diagnosing intestinal endometriosis and in assessing its characteristics: the largest diameter of the nodule, the distance between the distal part of the nodule and the anal verge, and depth of infiltration of endometriosis in the intestinal wall. MDCT-e requires the administration of iodinated contrast medium (CM) and the exposure to radiations. CTC has good performance in the diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis. It allows estimating the degree of intestinal stenosis CTC, and the distance between the intestinal endometriotic nodule and the anal verge. It requires exposure to radiations, and it may require the administration of an iodinated CM.     

单中心卵巢畸胎瘤患者中合并抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的比例调查及临床特征分析

目的 探究卵巢畸胎瘤患者中发生抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR）脑炎的比例,并将合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者与未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者的临床特征进行总结对比。方法 收集卵巢畸胎瘤患者的临床资料,将其分为合并抗NMDAR脑炎组与未合并抗NMDAR脑炎组,对其临床特征进行对比分析。结果 共收集到168例卵巢畸胎瘤患者,其中14例（8.3%）合并抗NMDAR脑炎;合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者年龄低于未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者[（23.8±5.5）岁 vs. （29.8±9.1）岁,P = 0.016]。合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者肿瘤标志物以癌抗原125及血清铁蛋白升高为主,而未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者肿瘤标志物以糖类抗原199升高为主。合并抗NMDAR脑炎与未合并抗NMDAR脑炎的卵巢畸胎瘤患者的肿瘤组织均可含有神经组织。结论 卵巢畸胎瘤患者中发生抗NDMAR脑炎的比例不低,对于无明显症状的卵巢畸胎瘤患者,可考虑积极行手术治疗,以降低发生抗NMDAR脑炎的风险。